Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant ?
Men’s Health Blogs Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant ? In today’s awesome male infertility article we are going to discuss whether and if… “Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant?” Hi and welcome to Dr Shahs Clinic My name is Dr. Shah and I am a consultant sexologist doctor in Chennai and I primarily specialize in Male Infertility & Sexual Health. In today’s awesome post we are going to answer the question on – “Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant?” Not let us move on to the good stuff…. Okay now here is the thing… Male Infertility and Male Sterility are two completely different things!! Bear this fact well in mind, let me try to elaborate on why male infertility and male sterility should not be confused with one another… Now, a man is said to be infertile or suffer from infertility if he is unable to father a child within the 1st year of marriage in the absence of any specific problem affecting his partner. Some common causes of male infertility include – Low sperm count Low sperm motility Abnormal sperm shape Hormonal deficiencies Genetic causes Obesity and Poor Lifestyle habits Sexual Problems like erectile dysfunction and/or ejaculatory dysfunction But the most important fact to bear in mind is that a man diagnosed with male infertility can have sperm production! Most interestingly, in over 40% of the time men suffering from male fertility issues have absolutely NORMAL SPERM PRODUCTION!! Now, I am sure you understand one thing very well….male sterility is completely different from male infertility… As a result, you need to really know whether or if you can get pregnant with a sterile man?. The truth, however, can be a bit hard to understand. First of all, what are the causes of male sterility? Broadly speaking, a man is said to be completely sterile if his semen analysis report shows AZOOSPERMIA. Azoospermia means no sperm in the ejaculate! and it is a genuinely upsetting and terribly scary diagnosis for most men. Vasectomy is also a common cause of male sterility. We will briefly look at both Azoospermia and Vasectomy. Most probably, you would have heard about contraceptive procedures for men, this is called Vasectomy and it is also a method of family planning. In Vasectomy what is ultimately done is that the vas (the tube that carries sperm from the testis to the penis) is closed. However, vasectomy although highly effective in preventing a pregnancy has poor reversal success rates. This is exactly why we recommend vasectomy as a method of family planning, only after a man has completed his family!, Moreover, you would be surprised to learn that the success rate of a vasectomy reversal is seldom beyond 40%. Now let’s discuss whether an Azoospermic man can father a child ? or better yet let’s try to answer the following question .. Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call Can a sterile man become fertile? You most probably now understand that Azoospermic men are sterile, but… did you know that Azoospermic men can also father their child? This is possible because we have a medical technique by the name Testicular sperm extraction also called TESE. The image below explains TESE Consequently, sperms retrieved from the testis are used in fertility treatments. Sperm preservation is done for later use. So, let me ask you the question… Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant? The Answer is Hell YEAH!. Both Male Infertility and Male Sterility are definitely treatable. However, bear in mind that the success rates for treating men with problems like low sperm count, low sperm motility and other unexplained causes of male infertility are definitely better as compared to male sterility based issues. The best suggestions I can give is as follows Do not worry too much about male infertility, remember it is treatable Male sterility is a different issue altogether compared to male infertility If someone asks me can a sterile man get a woman pregnant ?, I would tell him that he needs a proper evaluation and that fertility is definitely possible with today’s technology Low sperm count and low sperm motility are not causes of male sterility. On the other hand, they are causes of male subfertility. Can a sterile man become fertile?…the answer is a definite YES. But male sterility needs the right evaluation. Subscribe to our Newsletter What does it mean to be sterile for a man? A diagnosis of male infertility can frequently break a man’s heart. Imagine, telling him he will never father a child through the natural route!. No man in the world can bear to hear a statement that he is sterile and he will never be able to father a child without a treatment. A diagnosis of a male sterility breaks men both physically and mentally. Men may not be able to sustain a normal sexual life after a diagnosis of male sterility. This scenario frequently occurs in a fertility center or fertility clinic when the male partner is diagnosed with Azoospermia. This happens simply because most fertility centers in India do not employ a full time qualified Andrologist to deal with the agony men face!. A sad story right? When Vasectomy reversal fails, men break down. Normally, a vasectomy reversal is done for those men who completed their family. However, in some instances, they may want to try for a child especially when unforeseeable circumstances cause the death of a sibling. Most married men fill the void left by the death of a previous child by trying for a baby, some other couples though may just dissolve their marriage to avoid the pain of seeing each other… So, to finally conclude… I hope you enjoyed reading this article on “Can a sterile man get a woman pregnant?”. Now that you know the truly scientific answer to this question, the next time someone blames a loved one for fertility issues YOU know you
Semen analysis : The Hard Truth
Men’s Health Blogs Semen analysis : The Hard Truth Semen Analysis: What you should know? Semen analysis also called sperm test in layman terms remains the gold standard test of Choice to assess a male’s fertility potential. Hello!!! This is Dr. Shah, and I am Consultant Andrologist and Sexologist doctor in Chennai and in this article, I am going to share with you some very interesting facts about the semen test. Here is the interesting bit… Now, when you look back into the past 20 or 30 odd years, it is very interesting to note a few things… Such as… Over 3.5 million babies are born every year through fertility therapies IVF procedures world over are increasing month on month and there seems to be no let off. Over 60% of the time, male infertility is the biggest cause of childlessness in a couple. What’s even sadder is that men are seldom blamed for fertility issues in conservative societies (eg: India) Over 20 to 30% of the time semen analysis tests would reveal true causes of male fertility like Azoospermia. Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call This is exactly why we urge all men who come to our clinic to get a semen analysis done Now, as per the WHO 2010 reference laboratory values… A man is said to have a normal sperm test if he has A sperm concentration greater than 15 million/ml Sperm motility greater than 40% And last but not least, his normal sperm shape should be around 3% However, there is a catch!… Just having your semen report within those values mentioned above DOES NOT GUARANTEE A PREGNANCY!. Nature ultimately decides when pregnancy should happen, our job is to optimize the chances of a couple to achieve a pregnancy. Thus, it becomes very important for a thorough evaluation of both partners in a fertility clinic. Subscribe to our Newsletter Hope you enjoyed the Video and the short Article, Do share it with your friends and loved ones. And feel free to drop me questions through the contact form given below! If you looking for a sperm test in chennai get in touch with us below This is Dr. Shah, and I look forward to seeing you soon with more information to help you through your fertility journey. References: http://www.webmd.com/ infertility-and-reproduction/semen-analysis Get in touch with us below TAGS: INFERTILITY, MALE INFERTILITY, SEMEN ANALYSIS, SPERM TEST Related Blogs Recent Blogs Having more doubts? Consult with our doctor Consult with Dr. Shah Leave Your Comment Cancel Reply Logged in as Dr Shah Dupesh. Log out? Δ
How do you know if you have a low sperm count?
Men’s Health Blogs How do you know if you have a low sperm count? That is a very common question I keep getting asked from my patients. Read on… Men’s health issues especially those that involve the reproductive health is rapidly on the rise. Most of the time the female comrade gets blamed for all issues relating to fertility. This is especially amplified in a conservative country like India. Today WHO data strongly suggests that at least over 7% of men world over are suffering from Infertility, a SCARY number!. Most of the time low sperm count symptoms never manifest themselves, and what this means is that a low sperm count can be picked up only when male fertility evaluation is being done as a part of Infertility testing. So here are few tips to help answer the following question – “How do you know if you have a low sperm count” TIP 1: MALE INFERTILITY AND SURGERY Did you have any surgery in your abdomen or genital region? if so there could be a strong association between the type of surgery actually done and the risk of developing or an ongoing low sperm count. Visit an Andrologist for a medical opinion TIP 2: SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND MALE INFERTILITY Is your interest in sexual intercourse diminishing?. Hormonal deficiency goes hand in hand with diminished sexual interest and sometimes finding low sperm counts here is not surprising. TIP 3: MEDICATIONS TO IMPROVE SPERM COUNT? Sometimes taking medications (self-medicating in particular by reading crappy content on the web) can kill your sperm production rather than improving it. Never take commercially available over the counter medication to improve your sperm count. They ultimately do more harm than good. Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call TIP 4: SEMEN ANALYSIS AND MALE INFERTILITY TESTING A semen analysis is the gold standard test for assessing whether you have or suffer from a low sperm count. Not only that, A semen analysis can give a lot of information on actually identifying the cause of the low sperm count and also sperm motility based issues. TIP 5: HAIR DISTRIBUTION AND MALE FERTILITY Do you have sparse hair growth, especially your beard or under your armpits or abdomen, if so this could be a sign of male infertility resulting from a chromosomal problem or hormonal deficiency? End result?….Low or nil sperm count! TIP 6: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND MALE FERTILITY? If you are working in an environment filled with dust, chemicals, allergens and other toxic substances for the better part of professional career, you could suffer from a low sperm count TIP 7: PERSONAL HABITS LEADING TO MALE INFERTILITY? Do you smoke?, Do you drink?. If so, YOU better WATCH OUT. Low sperm count seems to go hand in hand with chronic smoking and/or drinking Subscribe to our Newsletter TIP 8: NO PREGNANCY IN THE FIRST YEAR OF MARRIAGE? The Most noteworthy aspect of any serious relationship is having a baby. If you have tried for fathering a child in the first year and if it has not happened, then remember, YOU MUST CHECK YOUR SPERM COUNT So, to conclude… How do you know if you have a low sperm count? Follow the 8 tips above, discuss with your partner and get back to us if you have further questions.. This is Dr Shah, consultant chennai sexologist and andrologist. See you soon Get in touch with us below TAGS: LOW SPERM COUNT, MALE FERTILITY, MALE FERTILITY TIPS, MALE INFERTILITY Related Blogs Recent Blogs Having more doubts? Consult with our doctor Consult with Dr. Shah Comment (2) Godwin says: February 11, 2024 at 10:03 pm Edit Doctor I want to ask please What are the remedies, treatments and medications for Premature ejaculation and Erectile dysfunction? Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: February 16, 2024 at 9:59 am Edit Please do call me on 9790783856 Reply Raheel says: October 12, 2023 at 12:37 am Edit Hii dr. Shah, i hope you are fine and this comment will reach out to you. I am facing this prone masturbation issue since 3 to 4 years now. When i fall asleep during midnight prone masturbation is happening and as a result ejaculation is taking place. Please i request you to tell me how to abstain or avoid prone masturabtion & to which counsellor should i meet to tackle this. I am unable to stop prone masturbation, i am depressed. Please help me Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: October 13, 2023 at 3:59 pm Edit Please drop me a call on 9790783856 Reply Chethan says: September 24, 2023 at 9:12 am Edit Hello sir my semen analysis shows 8-10 hpf pus cells present in semen and liquification time is >90 min and viscosity has increased. Overall results says NORMOZOOSPERMIA WITH GENITAL TRACT INFECTION WITH INCREASED VISCOSITY. Do i require treatment? Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: January 24, 2024 at 3:52 pm Edit Please call me on 9790783856 Reply Will says: September 12, 2023 at 7:34 am Edit Hi, for the past few weeks there has been semen or prostate fluid in my urine almost every night. This is not from retrograde, neither from medication. This is really draining my energy. How can I stop this please help. Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: September 14, 2023 at 6:01 pm Edit Hi will, I can help. Please drop me a call on +919790783856 Reply Chloe says: September 10, 2023 at 2:43 am Edit I had a depo injection on January or I think it’s February as I remembered and I’ve not took it since I only took once in my life. Can I still get pregnant right now on September 9 can I still make a baby I do have periods but can I still have a baby this time of the month because I have not read the projection ages. Last time I took it was on January was either February as I remembered how long does it
How do i know if my husband is infertile? – Male infertility test
Men’s Health Blogs How do i know if my husband is infertile? Male infertility test How do I know if my husband is infertile? How do I know if my husband is infertile?. That is a very common question I keep getting from my patients. My name is Dr Shah Dupesh, and I am a consultant andrology doctor in Chennai. Read on… Male infertility is drastically on the rise!. Data from across studies clearly reveals that male infertility and male sexual health problems affect from anywhere between 60 to 70% of men who are actively trying for a child. Most of the time infertility is a blame game and women keep getting blamed for their inability to bear a child within a year of their marriage, at least in some cultures. This is actually very sad, since their is strong data to suggest that of 1000 couples who would present to fertility clinic, we would frequently see male infertility as a SOLE CAUSE in at least 65% of the couples! So here are 10 quick actionable tips for you to find out if you husband is facing fertility or sexual health problems! TIP 1: MALE INFERTILITY AND SURGERY Did your husband have any recent surgeries in his abdomen shortly post marriage?. You need to know this for certain TIP 2: SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND MALE INFERTILITY Does your husband regularly engage with you in sexual intercourse? At least 2 to 3 times a week? Has this frequency actually decreased? TIP 3: MEDICATIONS TO GET PREGNANT? Does your husband take any chronic long term medication?. Does he take alternative medications? TIP 4: SEMEN ANALYSIS AND MALE INFERTILITY TESTING Has your husband done a semen analysis ever in the past? If yes, does the report read Normozoospermia? Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call TIP 5: AVOIDING A MALE INFERTILITY TESTING Is your husband reluctant for infertility testing?. Reluctance sometimes points out a previous problem that he does not want to disclose with you TIP 6: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND MALE FERTILITY? Does your husband work in an environment that is radiation rich?. Involves toxic chemical use?. TIP 7: PERSONAL HABITS LEADING TO MALE INFERTILITY? Does your husband have bad personal habits like smoking and alcohol intake? What would have been the duration?. You should know this TIP 8: PAST RELATIONSHIP? Is this his first marriage to you?. Was he involved in a past relationship?. You definitely need to know. Of course, remember to be polite and inoffensive Subscribe to our Newsletter TIP 9: SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AGAIN? Do you feel his erection is adequate?. Do you feel a change in his erection or his general sexual interest? Make a note of the findings TIP 10: DID HE OR HIS FAMILY BLAME YOU INFERTILITY? Then ask him to get checked first, tell his whole family that you are not to be blamed. In fact, no one should be blamed for the inability to conceive. So, to conclude… How do I know if my husband is infertile? Follow the 10 tips above, question your partner and get back to us if you have further questions. If you looking for a sexology doctor in chennai get in touch with us below. References Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Limitations of semen analysis as a test of male fertility and anticipated needs from newer tests. Fertility and sterility. 2014 Dec 1;102(6):1502-7. Oehninger S, Ombelet W. Limits of current male fertility testing. Fertility and Sterility. 2019 May 1;111(5):835-41. TAGS: HOW DO I KNOW IF MY HUSBAND IS INFERTILE?, MALE INFERTILITY, MALE INFERTILITY TESTING, MENS SEXUAL HEALTH Related Blogs Recent Blogs Having more doubts? Consult with our doctor Consult with Dr. Shah Comment (2) Godwin says: February 11, 2024 at 10:03 pm Edit Doctor I want to ask please What are the remedies, treatments and medications for Premature ejaculation and Erectile dysfunction? Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: February 16, 2024 at 9:59 am Edit Please do call me on 9790783856 Reply Raheel says: October 12, 2023 at 12:37 am Edit Hii dr. Shah, i hope you are fine and this comment will reach out to you. I am facing this prone masturbation issue since 3 to 4 years now. When i fall asleep during midnight prone masturbation is happening and as a result ejaculation is taking place. Please i request you to tell me how to abstain or avoid prone masturabtion & to which counsellor should i meet to tackle this. I am unable to stop prone masturbation, i am depressed. Please help me Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: October 13, 2023 at 3:59 pm Edit Please drop me a call on 9790783856 Reply Chethan says: September 24, 2023 at 9:12 am Edit Hello sir my semen analysis shows 8-10 hpf pus cells present in semen and liquification time is >90 min and viscosity has increased. Overall results says NORMOZOOSPERMIA WITH GENITAL TRACT INFECTION WITH INCREASED VISCOSITY. Do i require treatment? Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: January 24, 2024 at 3:52 pm Edit Please call me on 9790783856 Reply Will says: September 12, 2023 at 7:34 am Edit Hi, for the past few weeks there has been semen or prostate fluid in my urine almost every night. This is not from retrograde, neither from medication. This is really draining my energy. How can I stop this please help. Reply Dr Shah Dupesh says: September 14, 2023 at 6:01 pm Edit Hi will, I can help. Please drop me a call on +919790783856 Reply Chloe says: September 10, 2023 at 2:43 am Edit I had a depo injection on January or I think it’s February as I remembered and I’ve not took it since I only took once in my life. Can I still get pregnant right now on September 9 can I still make a baby I do have periods but can I still have a baby this time of the month because I
Smoking and Sperm : How does smoking affect sperm quality?
Men’s Health Blogs Smoking and Sperm How does smoking affect sperm quality? Does smoking affect my chances of becoming a father? Hi, This is Dr Shah Dupesh, Consultant Andrologist, to answer the aforementioned question in a single line.. Yes it will!. And you better stop smoking at the earliest….Better still stop it right away after reading this post. Cigarette smoke contains over 43 known scientifically documented carcinogens that can impair your sperms motility, sperm concentration and also disrupt your sperms DNA. Smoking has been associated with numerous other cancers too. What is very interesting is that there are three types of smoke….. Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call They are namely, first hand smoke, second hand smoke and last of all third hand smoke. A. First hand smoke is what the smoker inhales. B. Second hand smoke is what the people around him inhale (while he happily exhales). C. Third hand smoke is when you inhale the residual smoke in an area where people smoke e.g. commonly in a hotel room. What is important is that all three forms of smoke can affect a man’s sperm Third hand smoke contains nitrosamines that are mutagenic and can disrupt sperm DNA thus impairing a man’s future fertility. Interestingly, third hand smoke can also impair your chances of conception post costly fertility therapies. My advice… Stop Smoking When You Are Planning For A Pregnancy My father smoked, my grandfather smoked, they all fathered tens of children. Then why can’t I do the same? It is important to understand that sometimes cigarette smoke and its effects may be trans-generational…….. to put it in simple terms the effects of smoke and its dirty products may not directly manifest in the smoker but may affect his yet unborn child and prospective children by causing mutations at the gamete cellular level. Although your ancestors smoked and fathered children at one point in time, this gives no guarantee that you would spontaneously father a child while smoking. Time to achieve a pregnancy is definitely longer in men who smoke compared to men who do not smoke. Importantly, learn to always look at the bigger picture…… smoking increases not just the risk of infertility, it affects your heart, lungs, almost all body systems and increases your risk of undergoing an adverse cardiovascular event like stroke/myocardial infarction, obstructive lung disease and among numerous other cancers. I still feel you should quit smoking!. It is not easy, but trust me it is worth it. Be persistent!…… ……in quitting even the thought of smoking Subscribe to our Newsletter My wife smokes. Will it affect her chance of getting pregnant? It definitely will screw up her chance of conception big time!!. Smoking in women will affect her chance to conceive spontaneously and can have terrible effects on the unborn fetus. Hope you enjoyed reading this short post. If you are looking for a Sexology clinic in chennai get in touch with us below TAGS: ABNORMAL SPERM, BAD SPERM SHAPE, LOW SPERM COUNT, MALE FERTILITY, MALE INFERTILITY, MALE INFERTILITY CAUSES, SMOKING, SPERM DNA DAMAGE Related Blogs Recent Blogs Having more doubts? Consult with our doctor Consult with Dr. Shah Leave Your Comment Cancel Reply Logged in as Dr Shah Dupesh. Log out? Δ
Male fertility: What’s the Big Deal?
Men’s Health Blogs Male fertility: What’s the Big Deal? Male fertility issues are rampantly rising around the globe. The WHO recently declared infertility as a public health problem. Hello and welcome! This is Dr. Shah, consultant Andrologist at Dr. Shahs Clinic for Male Infertility & Sexual Health and in today’s post, I am gonna share with you 15 points on infertility in men… first of all, I want you to quickly read the content in the image below… Infertility in men is not an easy issue to tackle. Men diagnosed with male fertility issues frequently breakdown emotionally and feel sense of worthlessness and/or failure.. Thus from a medical viewpoint it becomes imperative that these issues are handled delicately and the medical practitioner should empathize with the patient. Now keeping this in mind, lets look at a few common questions that I keep getting asked in my clinic time and again. MALE FERTILITY FAQ’s A. What are the causes of infertility in men? Surprisingly, a large number of diseases can consequently lead to Infertility in men. A few of them are as follows 1. A problem affecting brain structures like the pituitary or hypothalamus 2. Genetic problems like Klinefelter’s syndrome/chromosomal anomalies 3. Y-chromosome Micro-deletion 4. Idiopathic infertility (cause is unknown). In 30% of men we really do not know, why infertility occurs! 5. Trauma to the Testis can also damage and affect the sperm output 6. An infection that affects the testis and its ducts that transport sperm. This can block sperm transport 7. Testicular tumors can effectively destroy the testis and hence sperm production 8. A testis that has not descended into the scrotum 9. Chemotherapy/radiation for other cancers 10. The use of Certain drugs 11. Sexual problems like erectile dysfunction/pain during sex/no ejaculation 12. Other severe systemic diseases B. Are their any Male infertility Symptoms? Unfortunately, most of the time their are absolutely no symptoms of infertility in men… First of all, male fertility problems are usually the suspect only when no pregnancy has happened spontaneously for the female partner even after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse…. ….but, some male fertility issues could be a suspect when a man sometimes has difficulty in achieving and/or maintaining erections. Since if a man has a difficulty in performing sexual intercourse, this is suggestive of a male hormonal deficiency, …although one must rule out other associated psychological causes of the sexual problem. Hence, it would be wise to get a thorough physical examination and also get a hormonal evaluation with a medical professional at the earliest. A semen analysis is a must and is also probably the first line investigation for male fertility assessment. C. Are their physical symptoms of low sperm count or are their any signs of low sperm count? This is probably the most commonest question I get!. Unfortunately their are absolutely no physical symptoms a man would feel if he has a low sperm count. Men usually have a normal sexual life and are also most of the time completely unaware that they producing semen with low sperm counts. Most men are caught by surprise only on the day when a male fertility assessment is done. Interestingly, many men who presented to our clinic in the last couple of years have been diagnosed with AZOOSPERMIA (which means no sperm in the ejaculate). Some men with male infertility will also have extremely low sperm motility and a combination of very low sperm count These men while sadly infertile, seem to have a normal sexual life…. at-least till the time they were diagnosed with this dreaded condition!. A diagnosis of male infertility in itself sometimes can severely affect a mans sexual life Dr. Shah Dupesh Consultant Andrologist & Sexologist Ready to improve your Reproductive Health? Discuss your concerns in a private setting and get personalized guidance tailored to your needs. Book a Call Book a Call D. Is their a Male fertility test or a Male infertility test? Male fertility is best assessed with a simple semen analysis that can be done at any well certified laboratory that have trained personnel for performing the test. The semen sample is usually collected by masturbation into a sterile on toxic wide-mouthed container provided by the laboratory using a DRY HAND. The collection is preferably done in a private room within the laboratory premises. Exercise caution and stay away from ill-equipped laboratories that are not designed to do Semen Analysis!. Since over 70% of the time you could an erroneous report. A misdiagnosis is very common in this specialty. As semen analysis is a complex test that requires some degree of training and orientation. Sadly their is an absolute paucity of trained places in our country where you could get an accurate report. Feel free to drop me an mail and I will be happy to help you through. E. Male fertility test cost?. Is it expensive?. Are their other male fertility tests? A simple semen analysis can range from anywhere between Rs 200/- to Rs 1200/-. The cost usually widely varies from place to place. Other tests for male fertility assessment are listed below. HINT: Never go for an automated semen analysis estimation A. A Hormonal Workup is done usually as routinely for patients, but preferably if patients are suspected to have a hormonal deficiency B. Ultrasound scan of the testis may be able to give an accurate estimation of testis size. Interestingly, a certain degree of correlation is seen between testis size and sperm output C. Karyotyping as a test is recommended only in select groups of patients were a genetic problem is suspect, in addition to Y-chromosome micro-deletion mentioned below D. Y-chromosome micro-deletion assessment, in addition, is preferably done for all patients who present with a sperm count of of less than 5 million/ml. The normal sperm count for male fertility as per the WHO is 15 million/ml of semen E. Finally, patients can undergo a semen culture if and when the doctor suspects a urinary tract infection or if the semen shows many round cells.